Index
A number represents a single reference to a topic. |
A number with a "+" sign represents a longer discussion of a topic. |
|
Symbols A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Z
Symbols |
! operator
1
2
|
$ operator
1
2
|
|
in regular expressions
1
|
$! variable
1
2
3
|
$# variable
1
2
3
4
|
$$ variable
1
|
$(( ... )) operator
1+
|
$() operator
1
|
$* variable
1+
2
|
$- variable
1
|
$? variable
1
2
|
$@ variable
1+
2
|
' and " operators
1
2
3
|
( and ) operators
1
2
|
|
in regular expressions
1
2+
3
|
* operator
1
2
|
|
in regular expressions
1
|
*? operator (in Perl regular expressions)
1
|
+ operator (in regular expressions)
1
|
+? operator (in Perl regular expressions)
1
|
. builtin
1+
|
. operator (in regular expressions)
1
|
$0 variable
1
|
> operator
1
|
>& operator
1
2+
3+
|
>> operator
1
|
? operator
1
2
|
|
in regular expressions
1
|
& operator
1
|
|
and expr
1
|
&& operator
1
2
3
|
?: operator
|
|
in Perl regular expressions
1
|
$HOME variable
1
|
$IFS variable
1
|
|
and C shell
1
|
|
and read
1
|
<< operator
1
|
$PATH variable
1
|
$PPID variable
1
|
$PWD variable
1
|
$status variable
1
|
$UID variable
1
|
$USER variable
1
|
[ and ] operators
1
2
|
|
in regular expressions
1
|
[ command
1
|
\ operator
1
2
|
^ operator
|
|
as positional anchor in regular expressions
1
|
|
in regular expression character classes
1
|
$_ variable
1
|
` operator
1
2
3
|
{ and } operators
1
2
3
4
|
| operator
|
|
and case
1
|
|
and expr
1
|
|
and regular expressions
1
|
|
in regular expressions
1
|
|& operator (C shell)
1
|
|| operator
1
2
|
A |
absolute path, obtaining from relative path
1
|
access control lists
1+
2+
|
alias builtin
1
|
anonymous subroutines
1
|
ANSI escape sequences
1+
|
|
and echo (terminfo)
1
|
|
and printf (terminfo)
1
2
|
|
and tput (terminfo)
1
|
|
clearing parts of the screen
1+
|
|
color manipulation
1+
|
|
cursor and scrolling manipulation
1+
|
|
reset terminal
1
|
|
tab stop manipulation
1
2
|
|
text attribute manipulation
1+
|
append operator
1
|
AppleScript (using osascript)
1+
|
apropos command
1
|
argument handling
1
|
arrays
|
|
in AWK
1+
|
|
simulating with eval
1
|
asterisk operator
1
2
|
authentication
1+
|
AWK
1+
|
|
arrays
1+
|
|
basic syntax
1
|
|
BEGIN and END patterns
1+
|
|
case-insensitive matching
1
|
|
common mistakes
1
2
3
4
|
|
conditional filter rules
1+
|
|
conditional pattern matching
1+
|
|
control statements
1+
|
|
expression ranges
1+
|
|
field separators
1+
|
|
file input and output
1+
|
|
functions
1+
|
|
input and output
1
|
|
ordinal ranking
1+
|
|
record separators
1+
|
|
regular expressions
1+
|
|
relational expressions
1+
|
|
running a script
1
|
|
skipping records and files
1+
|
|
special variables
1
|
|
splitting strings into arrays
1+
|
awk command
1
2
3
|
B |
background execution
1
|
backtick operator
1
|
bash command
1
|
BASH
|
|
exporting behavior of
1
|
|
extended for loop syntax
1
|
|
math support extension
1
|
|
substring expansion extension
1
|
|
window size variable behavior
1
|
basic script
1
|
bc command
1+
2
3
|
bg command
1
|
braces
1
2
3
|
brackets
1
2
|
|
in regular expressions
1
|
break statement
1
2
3
4
|
built-in commands
1
|
builtins
|
|
.
1+
|
|
alias
1
|
|
echo
1
|
|
export
1
|
|
getopts
1+
|
|
jobs
1
|
|
setenv
1
|
|
shift
1+
|
|
source
1+
|
|
trap
1
|
|
unset
1
2
|
|
unsetenv (C shell)
1
|
|
wait
1
|
bunzip2 command
1
|
bzip2 command
1
|
C |
C shell limitations
|
|
comparison operators
1
|
|
control statements
1
2
|
|
inline execution
1
|
|
input and output
1
2
3
|
|
job and process management
1
|
|
order of operations
1
|
|
subroutines
1
2
|
case statement
1
|
cat command
1
2
|
cd command
1
2
|
chaining execution
1+
|
character classes
|
|
regular expression syntax
1
|
|
shell globbing syntax
1
|
chflags command
1
2
|
chgrp command
1+
2
|
chmod command
1+
2+
3
|
chown command
1
2+
3
|
color escape sequences (ANSI)
1+
|
command-line tools, compatibility
1+
|
commands, shell scripting. See individual commands.
|
common mistakes
|
|
in AWK
1
2
3
4
|
|
in file redirection
1
|
|
in math operations
1+
|
|
in process management
1
|
|
in regular expressions
1
2
3
4
|
|
in subroutines
1
|
|
regular expressions
1
|
compatibility
|
|
>& behavior
1
|
|
access control lists
1
2
|
|
AWK length function
1
|
|
BASH extensions
1
2
3
|
|
bc command
1
|
|
command-line tools
1+
|
|
device I/O
1
|
|
disk management and partitioning
1
|
|
field separator behavior
1
|
|
file system hierarchy
1
|
|
GNU getopt
1
|
|
legacy mode and compat manual page
1
|
|
locales
1
|
|
managing users and groups
1
|
|
math syntax
1
|
|
source builtin
1
|
|
special variables
1
|
|
ZSH extensions
1
2
|
|
_POSIX2_VERSION and compat manual page
1
|
compress command
1
|
concurrent execution
1
|
continue statement
1
2
3
4
|
control statements
1+
|
counting lines in a file
1
|
cp command
1
2
|
csh command. See also C shell; specific statements.
|
current working directory
1
|
cursor escape sequences (ANSI)
1+
|
cut command
1
2
|
D |
date command
1
2
|
dd command
1
|
default shell
1
|
delay loops
1
|
/dev/random device
1
|
dialects, of shell scripts
1
2
|
diskutil command
1
|
do statement
1
|
dollar sign operator
1
2
|
done statement
1
|
double-quotation mark
1
2
|
E |
echo builtin
1
2
|
echo command
1
|
elif statement
1
|
else statement
1
|
env command
1
|
environment variable. See also variables.
|
environment variables
1
|
esac statement
1
|
escape sequences. See also ANSI escape sequences.
|
eval builtin
1+
|
exit status
|
|
of scripts
1
|
|
of subroutines
1
|
expansion of variables
1+
|
expect command
1
|
export builtin
1
|
expr command
|
|
and math
1+
|
|
and regular expressions
1
|
|
and strings
1
|
|
defined
1
|
F |
false command
1
|
fg command
1
|
fi statement
1
|
field separators
1
2+
|
FIFO
1+
2+
|
file command
1
|
file descriptors
|
|
opening and closing
1+
2+
|
|
redirecting
1+
|
files, reading and writing
1
|
find command
1
|
floating-point computation
1+
2
|
flow control
1
|
for loops
|
|
with lists
1
|
|
with numerical comparison
1
|
for statement
1
|
|
in AWK
1+
|
foreach statement (C shell)
1
|
frequently used interactive commands
1
|
fsck command and variants
1
|
functions. See subroutines.
|
funzip command
1
|
G |
GetFileInfo command
1
|
getopt command
1+
2
|
getopts builtin
1+
|
getting started
1
|
globbing
1+
|
grep command
1
2
3
4
|
gunzip command
1
|
gzcat command
1
|
gzip command
1
|
H |
hdiutil command
1
|
head command
1+
2
|
home directory
1
|
I |
I/O
|
|
in AWK
1+
|
|
nonblocking
1
|
|
using read
1
|
|
using redirection
1
|
|
with devices
1
|
if statement
1
|
|
C shell globbing extensions
1
|
|
in AWK
1+
|
IFS variable
|
|
and $* expansion
1
|
ignoring signals
1
|
image manipulation with AppleScript
1+
|
inline execution
1
|
|
parsing order of
1
|
interactive tools, scripting
1+
|
J |
job control
1
|
job numbers
1
|
jobs builtin
1
|
jobs, concurrent execution of
1
|
join command
1
|
L |
less command
1
|
line endings, converting between
1+
|
linked list, simulating with eval
1
|
ln command
1
|
local statement
1
|
local variable
1
|
locale command
1
|
locales
1
|
login command
1
2
|
ls command
1
2
|
M |
man command
1
|
man pages
1
|
math
|
|
common mistakes
1+
|
|
floating-point
1+
2
|
|
using bc
1+
|
|
using Perl
1+
|
|
with $(( ... ))
1+
|
|
with expr
1+
|
merging redirect operator
1
|
mkdir command
1
2
|
mkfifo command
1
2+
3+
4
|
more command
1
|
mount command and variants
1
|
mv command
1
2
3
|
O |
open command
1
|
open tool
1
|
operator precedence rules
1
|
operators
|
|
See individual symbols.
|
ordinal rank of characters
1+
|
osascript tool
1+
|
P |
parent directory
1
|
parentheses
1
|
path characters
1
|
PATH environment variable
1
2
|
path, of current shell script
1
|
performance
|
|
choosing control statements
1
|
|
deferring console output
1
|
|
deferring work
1
|
|
minimizing regular expressions
1
|
|
reducing comparisons
1
|
|
reducing computations
1
|
|
reducing external commands
1
|
|
reducing use of eval
1
|
|
using builtins instead of commands
1
|
perl command
1
2
|
Perl
|
|
floating-point math
1+
|
|
ordinal ranking
1+
|
|
regular expression extensions
1+
|
|
word boundaries
1
|
pipes
|
|
in Bourne shell
1
|
|
in C shell
1
|
|
named
1+
2+
|
pr command
1
|
printenv command
1
2
|
printf command
|
|
for printing prompts
1
|
|
in AWK
1
|
|
tabular layouts with
1+
|
ps command
1
|
pwd command
1
|
Python regular expression extensions
1+
|
Q |
quotation mark
1
2
|
|
in Bourne shell
1
|
|
in C shell
1
|
quoting special characters
|
|
in Bourne shell
1
|
|
in C shell
1
|
|
in regular expressions
1
|
R |
random numbers, obtaining
1
|
read command
1
|
redirect operator
1
|
redirection
|
|
in AWK
1+
|
|
pipes and
1+
|
regular expressions
|
|
additional reading
1
|
|
capture operators
1+
|
|
character classes
1
|
|
common mistakes
1
2
3
4
5
|
|
custom character classes
1+
|
|
grouping
1
|
| |
without capturing
1
|
|
matching any character
1
|
|
matching beginning and end of lines
1
|
|
mixing capturing and grouping operators
1
|
|
modifiers
1+
|
|
noncapturing parentheses
1
|
|
nongreedy matching
1
|
|
overall syntax
1
|
|
Perl and Python extensions
1+
|
|
Perl character class shortcuts
1+
|
|
positional anchors
1
|
|
predefined character classes
1+
|
|
quoting special characters
1
|
|
repetition operators
1
|
| |
nongreedy
1
|
|
using an empty subexpression
1
|
|
using parentheses and pipe for multiple options
1
|
|
variable substitution
1
|
result code
|
|
of scripts
1
|
|
of subroutines
1
|
return statement
1
|
return value
|
|
of scripts
1
|
|
of subroutines
1
|
rm command
1
2
|
rmdir command
1
2
|
running programs
1
|
S |
scoping rules
1
|
scrolling manipulation with ANSI escape sequences
1+
|
security
|
|
access control lists
1+
2+
|
|
and $UID variable
1
|
|
and $USER variable
1
|
|
and environment variables
1
2
3+
4
|
|
and input files
1+
|
|
and temporary files
1+
2+
|
|
authentication
1+
|
|
file permissions
1+
|
|
injection attacks
1+
|
sed command
1
2
3
|
self-execution of shell scripts
1
|
setenv builtin
1
|
SetFile command
1
|
shar command
1
|
shell script dialects
1
2
|
shells
|
|
aborting programs
1
2
3
|
|
built-in commands
1
|
|
valid path characters
1
|
shift builtin
1+
|
signals
|
|
trapping
1+
|
single-quotation mark
1
2
|
sleep command
1
|
sort command
1
2
|
source builtin
1+
|
special characters
|
|
behavior of
1+
|
|
entering
1+
|
|
quoting
1+
|
standard error
1
|
standard input
1
|
standard output
1
|
stat command
1
|
statements. See individual statement.
|
stderr (standard error)
1
2
|
stdin (standard input)
1
2
|
stdout (standard output)
1
2
|
stty command
1
|
subroutines
|
|
anonymous
1
|
|
common mistakes
1
|
|
named
1
|
substrings
1+
|
switch statement (C shell)
1
|
T |
tail command
1+
2
|
tar command
1
|
tee command
1
|
Terminal application
1
2
|
terminating programs
1
|
test command
1
|
then statement
1
|
tput command
1
|
tr command
1
2
|
trap builtin
1
|
trapping signals
1+
|
true command
1
|
U |
umount command
1
|
uncompress command
1
|
uniq command
1
|
unset builtin
1
2
|
unsetenv builtin (C shell)
1
|
unzip command
1
|
uuencode and uudecode commands
1
|
V |
variables
|
|
and source builtin
1
|
|
arguments and
1
|
|
environment
1
|
|
exit status
1
|
|
expansion
1+
|
|
exporting
1+
|
|
local to subroutine
1
|
|
overriding
1+
|
|
printing
1+
|
|
scope of
1
|
|
special
1+
|
volumes
1
|
W |
wait builtin
1
|
while statement
1
|
|
in AWK
1+
|
wildcards
|
|
in filename globbing
1
|
|
in regular expressions
1+
|
window
|
|
detecting size changes
1
|
|
determining current size
1
|
Z |
zcat command
1
|
zip command
1
|
ZSH
|
|
math support extension
1
|
|
extended for loop syntax
1
|